The Effects of Chronic Sleep Deprivation Essay - 1985 Words

Introduction Sleep is a behavior universal to all people, yet it remains largely a mystery. Chronic sleep deprivation has become rampant throughout western society, for a number of reasons. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation, with major objectives being to identify what sleep is, and the reasons for sleep. An emphasis is also placed on the effect, symptoms, causes and ways to combat sleep deprivation. These areas are of particular interest to those seeking to investigate sleep deprivation, or individuals who suffer from sleep deprivation by investigating the symptoms, causes and strategies to combat sleep deprivation. The information collated in this report was collected from a variety of†¦show more content†¦Human sleep occurs with circadian periodicity, through the use of an internal biological clock (Purves et al, 2001). The biological clock is maintained by the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) (Cherry, 2007). The cirdican rhythm of the body synchronises physiological processes such as sleep with the day light cycle, by detecting decreases in light sensitivity (Purves et al, 2001). Under decreased light exposure the body produces melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone (Smith et al, 2013). During the day, sunlight triggers the brain to inhibit melatonin production, inducing an alert state (Smith et al, 2013). The findings indicate that sleep is a relative state of unconsciousness that can be divided into NREM restorative sleep and REM sleep in which dreaming and memory consolidation occurs. Sleep is regulated by the Biological clock, which under decreased light exposure can stimulate melatonin production, a sleep-inducing hormone. Reasons behind sleep There is no general consensus as to why humans sleep. Many hypotheses have been formulated, each with varying credibility. One of the more credible hypotheses is the restoration concept (Foster, 2013). The restoration concept states that energy burned during the day is restored through sleep (Foster, 2013). Recent investigations have identified that when sleeping, certain genes associated with restoration areShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mild Sleep Deprivation951 Words   |  4 Pagesseems as if no one ever gets enough sleep. An adult should average about 8-9 hours of sleep within a 24-hour period. However, for a majority of people this is just not reality. As students and faculty try to balance their busy schedules they are getting less and less sleep; they are sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation can be broken down into three categories: mild, moderate, and chronic. Mild sleep deprivation is losing about one hour to an hour and a half of sleep in a night. If this continues forRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects1738 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is a major component of human life, taking up almost a third of an individual’s lifetime and allowing the brain to process an individual’s experiences, thoughts, and memories. Proper sleep is vital to maintaining good health, as it is associated with maintenance of many of the body’s processes such as metabolism and disease prevention. This has become difficult as this modernizing world is completely changing the lifestyles of societies, and therefore the patterns of human sleep, due to schoolRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society1431 Words   |  6 PagesBeing a full time student and avid participant in the community, sleep usually falls by the wayside as the struggle to mai ntain a healthy balance of activities and work continues. Sleep deprivation can actually be very devastating, having a huge affects on work ethic and focus. Sleep deprivation is â€Å"the condition of being robbed of sleep,† according to Dictionary.com. â€Å"A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness, weight loss or weight gain,† giving it a substantialRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Persuasive Speech for Students’ Chronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attendRead MoreSleep Deprivation Negatively Influences Driving Performance1722 Words   |  7 Pagesaverage person is generally awake for around 16 hours a day, however sometimes within busy lives sleep may become a last priority between family and work, and thus extending the period a person is awake (Williamson Feyer, 2000). In this essay, it will be argued that sleep deprivation negatively influences driving performance, as it has been found that driving for long periods of time or after sleep deprivation leads to poor driving performance as levels of alertness are l ow. Two empirical studies haveRead MoreSleep Deprivation : Symptoms And Can Lower Your Body s Natural Defense System Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthey felt a little sleep deprived; there was a time in their life when they felt more tired than usual. It was either just a busy work week, or one night accidentally stayed up a few hours longer, but college students bring a new meaning to sleep deprivation. We are reported to be the highest number of sleep deprived people. Sleep deprivation comes in two stages: chronic and acute, whichever category, both come with extreme side-effects. The effects of chronic sleep deprivation form long-lasting symptomsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Sleep Disorders926 Words   |  4 PagesCommission on Sleep Disorders Research, â€Å"at least 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders† (Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems†). There are several causes for the increase in lack of sleep or sleep depriv ation; which include, using electronics late at night, using your bed for more than just sleeping, and anxiety. As a result of modern technology, there are many people who every now and then don’t sleep well, but there are several who experience what is called sleep deprivation:Read MoreThe Cumulative Cost Of Additional Wakefulness : Dose Response Effects On Neurobehavioral Functions And Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep887 Words   |  4 PagesWakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep Deprivation (P.A., H., Greg, M., Janet M., M., David F., D. (2003)†. This article was written and submitted for publication in 2003. I found this article very interesting due to the fact that I myself, work off a very unusual work schedule and feel that I am a victim of sleep deprivation personally. For example, I find that I maintain from 4-7.5 hours of sleep a night. This hasRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Sleep Disorders976 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more about of society there has been a trend in peopl e who are not getting a full night’s rest. According to the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research, â€Å"at least 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders† (Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems†). There are several causes for the increase in lack of sleep or sleep deprivation; which include, using electronics late at night, using your bed for more than just sleeping, and anxiety. As a result, of more American’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Sleep Disorders971 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more about of society there has been a trend in people who are not getting a full night’s rest. According to the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research, â€Å"at least 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders† (Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems†). There are several causes for the increase in lack of sleep or sleep deprivation; which include, using electronics late at night, using your bed for more than just sleeping, and anxiety. As a result, of more American’s

The Iliad And The Odyssey - 1730 Words

Homer had once said â€Å"In youth and beauty, wisdom is but rare!† a very relatable quote to the story of the Iliad. But who exactly is Homer? For starters, Homer was a poet who lived from 800 B.C.E and died in 701 B.C.E. He was from Greece, and to be specific he had lived somewhere along the coast of Asia Minor according to biography.com. Also, he is most famous for his epic poems which were The Iliad and The Odyssey. Now as for whether he truly existed or not is still quite a mystery. Some scholars â€Å"believe him to be one man; others think these iconic stories were created by a group. A variation on the group idea stems from the fact that storytelling was an oral tradition and Homer compiled the stories, and then recited them to memory† (biography.com, 2016). The story of The Iliad, however, was one filled with a lot of love, betrayal, and you guessed it –war. Part of the reason that this epic poem focused so much on these three topics is because in ancien t Greek dramas those topics had the ability to receive the most attention from its viewers. To begin with, a little background on the Iliad itself. The story was written over a span of 24 books total. It all begins during the middle of the Trojan War according to David Silverman. And in quick summarization, the Trojan War all began because Menelaus’s wife Helen was wooed by Paris of Troy into running away with him which ruined the alliance between Troy and Greece and beginning the war. So at the beginning of the Iliad KingShow MoreRelatedThe Iliad And The Odyssey1060 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Hateful to me as the gates of Hades is that man who hides one thing in his heart and speaks another.† (The Iliad pg.405) The quote is relevant to the stories Homer created during the period of the Trojan War. Homer orally performed two of his best works The Iliad and The Odyssey. Homer’s stories are old and probably translated differently than their original telling. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey still show the basic human emotions and are an inspi ration to other authors, poets, and oral presentersRead MoreThe Iliad and the Odyssey1510 Words   |  7 Pages The Iliad and the Odyssey are two classic stories told by Homer. Within these two stories the roles of the gods are very important to the story line and how they affect the characters throughout. In the Iliad, more gods are involved with the characters whereas in the Odyssey there are only two major gods that affect two major characters. The roles of the gods in the Iliad are through two different stances of immortal versus immortal and mortal versus immortal. The roles of the gods in the OdysseyRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1317 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Iliad and The Odyssey, both Achilles and Odysseus go through intense acts of heroism, internal and external hardships, and fluctuations in confidence. During the epic, The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus, has to endure many hardships which show. He has to show tremendous amounts of heroism and confid ence just to keep his crew and himself alive. He has to rival and face many gods that despise him along with many humans. This theme can also be reflected from Homer’s The Iliad, where theRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1297 Words   |  6 Pages2. The Iliad and the Odyssey were written by a poet or poets known as Homer. They were stories written about heroes in Mycenaeans times. Homer focused on one important event to base the stories after, the Trojan War. The story was about Paris Prince of Troy, taking Helen of Sparta from her husband. A war started to get Helen back to her husband because her husbands honor was hurt. The story told in the Odyssey is one of the king of Ithaca trying to return to his wife and son after being gone forRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey977 Words   |  4 Pagesplot or storyline, or the theme of the myth. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey are two prime examples of this. Within both epics, the gods constantly intervene in the lives a nd situations of the characters, molding them to the desired outcome. Without the influence of the gods in either of the epics, however, the ending might have been very different. There was a great deal more divine intervention in The Iliad in comparison to The Odyssey, however, as there were more godly characters in that textRead MoreThe Odyssey And The Iliad1060 Words   |  5 PagesHomer was one of the first great authors in Western culture. He was known for creating the two Greek epics The Odyssey and The Iliad, which. The Odyssey tells of the ten-year journey by Odysseus to Ithica from Troy to be reunited with his beloved wife. The Odyssey was written in a with illustrative language. The Iliad was written in a. It depicted the end of the Trojan War and the siege of Troy. This event occurred centuries before Homer was assumed to have been born. Although both epics were writtenRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1657 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the Greek Dark Ages was Homer, who I believe was the most influential writer of his time, and a writer w ho had truly made an impact on the evolution of Greek Culture following the Dark Ages. Two of Homer’s most famous poems were the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were Ancient Greek epic poems which covered a couple of weeks during the Trojan War. Although there were plenty of influential authors inspired by the Trojan war, Homer was by far the most influential; Nevertheless, This paper arguesRead MoreIliad and Odyssey1825 Words   |  8 Pagesand cinema of a certain era. The epic poems, The Iliad and Odyssey, give scholars and historians an idea how the Ancient Greek lived their everyday lives. By reading the two novels, the reader is able to experience the three thousand years old society of Homer. The various similarities between our society and the societies depicted in the Iliad and the Odyssey are surprising profuse. To name a few: the superfluous violence in Iliad and Odyssey, the characterization of Odysseus, the obscureRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1498 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesAn Influential Poem The Iliad is a poem that provides important stories with insight into early human society. It was an ancient story written centuries ago about two civilizations that battled against each other. â€Å"The Iliad tells the story of the clash of two great civilizations, and the effects of war on both the winners and losers† (Homer 222). In addition to its influence on Greek poetry, the Iliad is a great Homeric epic that has long helped shape critical schools of thought. It is notRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Greece, as found in the books of the Iliad and the Odyssey, is a place entranced in mystical beings, powerful gods and goddess, and heroic men. The role of women in society is greatly concentrated on their body with little regard to their soul and mind. However, in the Odyssey, it is Penelope’s soul and mind that are vital to the success of her husband’s nostos and the imperishable fame she will receive. Due to her husband’s long absence, Penelope is placed in a predicament in which she must

Appropriation And Important Postmodern Strategy Art Essay Example For Students

Appropriation And Important Postmodern Strategy Art Essay Important displacements in ocular schemes in the humanistic disciplines mark the historic cross-over from the Modern to the postmodern paradigm. While this holds every bit true in music and literature, it is the development of such schemes in the ocular humanistic disciplines that this essay concentrates on. While such limit can non be pinned down to a specific twelvemonth or day of the month, it is possible to convincingly chart this displacement via an scrutiny of the working schemes of three of import painters: Americans Andy Warhol and David Salle, and Australia s Imants Tillers. Postmodern art, by definition, rejects rigorous genre confines and, unlike modern art, celebrates the commixture of signifiers and thoughts. As a consequence of this rejection, postmodernism advertises the usage of sarcasm, lampoon, sarcasm, temper and montage. The usage of appropriation in art is a utile scheme for noticing on, or knocking facets of life by recontextualising an image or object of already determined significance. Giving new significance to, or edifice upon the significance of, an bing thought by redefining its context is an effectual tool that alters or interferes with the viewing audiences original association with an object or thought. This being instantly recogniseable as a postmodern attack due to its embracing of contradiction, diverseness and the unconventional . This is of import as the message translates easy, giving significance to a modern twenty-four hours audience. David SallesA Tragedy, 1995, is a diptych. The right manus panel is performed inA grisaille, a technique preponderantly used to render figures from one base coloring material or drones, greatly stressing the temper. In this panel are two figures, a simpering female, sidelong behind the chief male figure who sits with custodies on articulatio genuss with face distorted into a monstrous lampoon of desperation. The left panels evident medley is backgrounded by what appears to be a domestic scene derived from a 1950s advertizement, perchance a direct mention to Richard Hamilton s landmark graphics Just what is it that makes today s places so different, so appealing? ( 1956 ) , a work widely considered as a seminal precursor to Pop art. There is besides a possible decease motive in mention to the Cold War and the anxiousness of the Atomic age of the station WW2 West. In the Centre is a black and white exposure of a bomb blast, surrounded by lemons, with a black baseball mitt at the top right corner. The detonation could besides be representational of decease, every bit good as the black baseball mitt being a traditional bereavement figure of speech, these funery motifs all associating back to the tragic tone of the graphics, and the adult males expression.A Salle s work is more about apposition which he uses as a scheme to destabilize the ways in which we traditionally see, and at the same clip reconfigure traditional ocular narration. He leans to a great extent on a simple scheme of montaging images of the commonplace and mundane. The consequence is clashing, and visually upseting. In this, we can see his liability to the better facets of Pop like Warhol and James Rosenquist. Salle besides created another diptych work entitledA ComedyA ( 1995 ) utilizing the same layout, but mirrored with opposite facial looks on the figures ; as the adult male with an overdone frown inA TragedyA now smiles inA Comedy.A The left panel ofA ComedyA is besides rendered in grisaille. In the right panel, an advertizement for a sleeping room suite is set on its side and like the creative person s early plant, is collaged with extra imagination: a black and white exposure of a headless female manner manikin, enclosed by a Garland of butterflies, and below a theatrical rippled harlequin collar.A The mated rubrics may mention straight to Salle s set and costume designs for concert dance and theater, every bit good as his enterprise into directing the 1995 characteristic filmA Search and Destroy. The figure of speechs of the frilled baseball mitt and harlequin neckband in Salle s work of the early 1890ss intimations to his engagement with the acting humanistic disciplines. A cinematic feel can besides be identified in Salle s appositions of scenes that conjure a cinematic feeling in which constituents are arranged to bring forth an alternate significance that is non, so can non, be seen in the remarkable images entirely. The fact that the images of the adult male in the foreground are reversed when comparing Comedy and Tragedy besides gives the spectator an dry constellation of the Janus, the tragic and amusing faces are referenced, via each other, into a remarkable thought. The God Janus was the defender of Gatess and doors, beginnings and terminations and day of the months t o Roman times. But beyond the traditional figure of speech of the Janus, is the fact that he is ambidextrous. It may be of some involvement to observe that, before doing it large as an creative person Salle worked for a short clip in the late 1970 s as a paste-up creative person forA Stagmagazine, a adult publication. It is interesting to observe that extremely sexualised and fetish images doing a regular visual aspect in his plant of the eightiess. InA TragedyA the chief figure is haloed by a bio-morphic form, at one time splanchnic and phallic. If this motive is so phallic, along with the bomb blast perchance symbolizing a premature detonation , Tragedy may good portray a failure of male authority. Taking this reading, A ComedyA must certainly read as the antonym: the chief male figure beams, proud and confident as opposite a bio-morphically enclosed female manikin in a fluxing gown bases without a caput. The fact the female mannquin is headless is besides interesting, being without individuality, the female purely objectified. Organizational Charts EssayWhile widely recognised as the main advocate of the Pop parlance, specific early plant by Andy Warhol can retrospectively show the diminution of the Modernist period. Warhol s rejection of the machismo of the New York School is a authoritative Oedipal scheme. The best of the Abstract Expressionists had traded to a great extent on the supposed Jungian content of their work, whereby significance was derived from the existent physical puting down of pigment on canvas. Most noteworthy of these, of class, was Jackson Pollock who was on the record in interview touting his Jungian lineage. By deduction besides, this Jungian ideal cashed out on the inexplicit value of originality. To witness the extent to which worship of the reliable grade of the creative person extended, one merely necessitate examine the immense, blunt calligraphic plants of Franz Klein.A But Warhol was noteworthy in his entire rejection of these thoughts. His dandified, emasculate character stood starkly at odds with the Abstract Expressionists who, we must retrieve, were still practising in the old ages of Warhol s outgrowth in the early 1960 s. In topographic point of the Abstract Expressionists tortured surfaces were Warhol s radically underworked monochromatic renderings of newspaper advertizements and newspaper headlines as inA $ 199 Television, 1961.A Warhols Campbells soup can, along with images of CocaCola bottles and Marilyn Monroe became the Pop Art motions stand foring motive. The soup can being a satirical remark of Americas consumerism. By utilizing the familiar image of Marilyn Monroe s face he has turned it strictly into an icon of pop civilization, and no longer a individual with deepness and character. Her word picture is now merely a shallow symbol of celebrity and beauty. Warhol s signature usage of the silk screen print completed his rejection of the New York manner of picture of the late 1940 s and 1950 s. The silkscreen stood as a consistent graphics, and the mechanic nature of this production put the creative persons manus at one remove from the finished merchandise, particularly given Warhol employed helpers to do the existent work while he stood as supervisor, and oversaw production.A In 1964 Warhol was one of 10 creative persons commissioned to bring forth work for the World Trade Fair to be held in New York. Warhol s part, A Most Wanted Work force, 1964A featured silkscreen portrayals taken from FBI mug shots. This mural-sized work was installed on the outside wall of theA Circarama, a one hundred pes round film in which a 360 degree position of New York was projected. Within yearss of its installing nevertheless, theA CircaramasA designer, Philip Johnson, had asked Warhol to removeA Most Wanted Men, stating the New York State governor thought it would pique the many Italians among his components, given all the work forces depicted were Italian. Given 24 hours to replace or take the work, Warhol had his helpers scale ladders and cover the portrayals with industrial Ag pigment. The scheme is fascinating. Get downing with the thought of allowing exposure, photo-silkscreening them to happen the appropriate graduated table, and so, after the order that it be removed, Warhol chooses non to replace the work, but complete it with the metaphoric mirroring of the silver paint-out of the original image.A In existent footings so, the intervention or censorship offered by the Trade Fair organizers and associated politicians, did non needfully ensue in a failure of this work. In the same manner that many postmodern creative persons place their viewing audiences to interact with a work in order to finish it, or happen significance, so Warhol played with the critical intervention he was offered in a manner that served the work and, possibly more significantly, appendedA Most Wanted MenA with a complex narration that sited the creative person as theA enfant terribleA orA provocateurA who, in finishing the work with a petroleum, industrial Ag tegument, metaphorically throws an unacknowledged and ( given the ambiguity of its rubric, homoerotic ) Narcissistic urge back in the faces of the governments. So whether the creative persons purpose is strictly stand foring a personal side of themselves to an audience, or to arouse contention and oppugning from the populace, the usage of appropriation is a utile scheme of postmodernity as it requires engagement of audience idea to do a work complete . This would look really unconventional to Modern art, but thats what makes appropriation or recontextualisation such a powerful postmodern tool. Salles personal love of the theatrical, Tillers inquiring of sacred Aboriginal art or Warhols parodic usage of popular and commercial merchandises ; As can be seen from these good known creative persons and graphicss of the postmodern epoch, constructing upon or giving new significance to an image or object is a really efficient manner of bring forthing art with a message behind it.

Singing and Singer Selection. Tim free essay sample

Singing and Singer Selection. Tim BY Contextual Tim: Julia, I find you sang this song very beautiful Just now. If you go along the road of music, I believe you will be a singer in future. Julia: you know what, actually to be a famous pop singer has been always a secret dream for me since I was only a little girl. However, when I grew up, I am slowly afraid of trying to realize it and starting to get the first step. Tim: . 1 believe that everyone in the world has his or her own dreams. You can pursuit your dream to became a music star. I believe you can do it!Julia: Well, I think there are so many younger who are really good at singing recently, and more and more people are having a dream to be a super star. I dont have the confidence to become the outstanding one In such a competitive society which has a strict standards for singer selection. We will write a custom essay sample on Singing and Singer Selection. Tim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tim: May be someone has told you cannot be a musician,But I want to tell you that you dont need to accept limitations that others put on you. Just like the famous film The Pursuit of Happiness tells us ,You have a dream, you got to protect It. People cant do something by themselves Julia: k, maybe you are right.But you know entertainment circle are relatively complicated . The unfair and dark phenomena are always existed. Sometimes you had to face the fact that the ability has not been the key factor to be success to do this kind of Job. Tim: hum Although there exits some unfairness, there are also many super stars who gets their success through hard work and faith. Just like the famous proper star Jay Chou, you know, he is also a nominal person and has no advantages In this music circle at first, but as we all know he is now so famous by his had work, so I thinking should e confidence to yourself.Julia: But In my Impression, singer stars often own little private time left to themselves. Their life are full of work plans so that they are forced to do a lot of things they dont really want to do. They fly to place and place around the world to hold the concerts, make the albums and attend activities nearly for the whole years. Those bring them too heavy stress that I got fear to take it. Tim: Yes! Youre rightly In time, a singer is always not free and he/she often should faces with various pressures. But, in my opinion, if you can deal with the relationship teen work and life well, you will become easier.In addition, the pays and regards are balanced. Julia: your words are so convincing and I had to admit that Id Like to have a try rim:my dream is having a coffee shop in my own. With the songs of great,the beautiful design and the smells of coffee ,everybody can enjoy the peace of life. I:Thats cool. So you should know all kinds of coffee well then do lots of research. Right r: Yeah,I have to save enough money at first. Therefore,I should work hard to make money and learn the knowledge of management from now on. I:fighting r:give me five.

What is emotional labour and how is it a commercialisation essays

What is emotional labour and how is it a commercialisation essays Emotional labour is an element of work activity in which the worker is required to display certain emotions in order to complete work tasks in the way required by an employer. (Organizing and Managing Work, Tony J.Watson, 2002, chapter 5). Analyses of emotional labour are crucial for labours to fully appreciate the emergence of the new workplace. Emotional labour was the main human capacity sold to an employer, Hochschild estimated in 1983 that one-third of all employment in the US and half of that performed by women could be classified as such. From it we can see that emotional labour has increased since the early 1980s, and it has been widely used in service sector. In this essay, I will give you an idea on the nature of emotional labour within the new workplace and specifically focus upon how to control the feeling management of employees, also including the commercialisation of human feelings. In private social life, emotional labour is always having called for the management of feeling .What is human feeling? Hochschild define feelings, like emotion, as a sense, like the sense of hearing of sight. We often say that we try to feel, but how can we do this? Feeling is not the thing inside of us, but they are not independent of acts of management. In managing feeling, we contribute to the creation of it. Hochschild (1983) identifies two forms of emotional labour, wherein employees can induce or suppress feeling as part of the labour process: surface acting and deep acting. 1. Surface acting is pretending to feel what we do not ...we deceive others about what we really feel, but we do not deceive ourselves. It is a way that we try to change how we outwardly appear, for example, In surface acting, the expression on my face or the posture of my body feels put on. It is not part of me. Actors act this are much better than very small children, because actors can ...

It Isnt Easy, No Matter How Easy It Looks

It Isnt Easy, No Matter How Easy It Looks â€Å"Just because I made it here doesn’t mean it was easy. And just because I don’t seem overwhelmed doesn’t mean I’m not.† - Jen Wilde, Queens of Geek Writing is damn hard work. Nobody is a natural. When you see an author who makes it look easy, understand that that author worked their butt off learning grammar, plot, characterization, and flow then how to weave it all together to work. They might not have looked up the word SYNTAX and studied it, but they read enough good books until they could identify and emulate it. Most of writing block is bunk, and most of writing is a struggle. The writing that flows is the oddity, not the norm. Thats why you edit at least once or twice more after you think the story is perfect. The more difficult the writing task, the stronger you build your writing muscle. Your first book should take way longer than your sixth. Yes, youll edit less the more books you write, but you cannot edit No two writers are alike in how they write, how they structure their writing time, or how they come up with ideas. No two writers write with the same pace. Neither is right or wrong. When Im asked how I come up with ideas, how long does it take me to write a book, or when does writing become easier, I am at a loss for words. My answer is: I sit in a chair and write until the writing is done. When you leave the chair before youve accomplished a good days work, youve shortchanged yourself. Youve shirked your responsibility. You write until the writing is done. Until someone asks you how you made it look so easy.

Reflective Practice in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective Practice in Nursing - Essay Example It will make use of Schon’s reflection model. Schon’s theory outlines two different types of reflection that occur at different time phases: reflection on action (Schon 1983) and reflection in action (Schon 1983). ‘Reflection in action’ is often referred to the colloquial phrase as ‘thinking on your feet’ a term used to being able to assess ourselves within a situation, making appropriate changes and still keeping a steady flow in the process. Reflection on action is when reflection occurs after the event. This is where the practitioner makes a deliberate and conscious attempt to act and reflect upon a situation and how it should be handled in the future (Loughran 1996). Nursing practitioners deal with various kinds of people every day, hence they should develop effective communication skills. Timmins (2011) contends that nursing competencies should include knowledge of building â€Å"therapeutic partnerships with their patients and colleagues through safe, effective and non-discriminatory communication, taking account of individual differences, capabilities and needs† (p. 31). This means that they should be resourceful enough in conveying their messages through verbal, non-verbal and written forms to be understood and also also understand people’s needs better. Being adept in active listening and empathic skills as well as reading and expressing non-verbal communication promote the safety and well-being of patients and is most likely to achieve the best outcomes.

The Future of Mass Media Programming Term Paper

The Future of Mass Media Programming - Term Paper Example The term paper "The Future of Mass Media Programming" analyzes the future of different types of mass media such as the broadcast and print medias. The paper discusses if their way of presenting the information will change due to the appearance of new technologies. The future of the mass media programming will comprise of a highly integrated single electronic system that will have the ability to output high-quality audio, video, and printed materials. In this case, everything will be obtained electronically, including newspapers, movies, videos. Everything is going digital, and in the future, it seems there will be more smart media devices, which will be controlled using voices. In ten years time, media landscape will be far much change whereby print and broadcast forms of media will be accessible via the internet. The Broadcast form of content will be replaced by streaming content. Many people will have large OLED screens connected to the internet. The large audience will be in a position to watch or view television at the same time globally. Printed physical materials such as books and newspapers will not be competent as compared to those that are accessible online. Eventually, publishing companies will have to collaborate with the internet to provide their information on time. So, the media companies will have to give the best quality of information since competition will be very high and profits will mainly depend on the value of information delivered and the number of the audience who find the information valuable. (Daud, 2008). Actually, there will be one main channel of information distribution, and it will only require one device that has access to the internet. Everything will be accessible in there, and this will force media companies to change their production strategies. Application of blogging will help the forms of media to persuade the audience to access information. All media companies and institutions will have to start a marketing strategy that will help in reaching a big audience. A global media policy m ust be established to protect media companies from hackers and a mode in which the companies will make a profit. Print media will have to make their products available online for easy access and selling. Bookstores will be having very few books on the shelves. The customer request for a book and it is printed and bind at that moment. However, it will be important to avail all books and other print resources in the internet, to ensure that there is easy access by the customers. Therefore, all publishing companies will have to provide all of their books online. Electronic books will be the best selling and maximize profits of the author and the publishing companies. Another strategy of availing the books to the readers is through the creation of audio books. Many people have a problem reading a book online because of different commitments, but they can listen to audio books while

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay It is my absolute pleasure to write this statement of purpose to explain about my interests and to share my inspirations, career goals and professional qualifications. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. Belonging from a business background family I always had inclination towards managerial role in the organization. I am a man with professional aptitude and an interest in pharmaceutical industry. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. All these elements have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. I feel the greatest value in pharmacy studies is not so much the classes themselves but the accompanying thesis/practical work experience that you get in tandem with the coursework. Personally, I find the pharmaceutical training I will be getting to be an asset to my qualification, because I feel that I am getting a social and management perspective on the medicine I have studied managerial role in the health and social sector, and it does add something to the coursework. My pharmaceutical diploma has given a strong foundation to my analytical skills. Over the past one year, I have been working part time in pharmacy. More than what I have studied in school and college, it has been this experiences that have shaped the person that I am today. During the completion of my Diploma course I had always had great inclination towards health, social and community care. It was this inclination and interest towards this field that I always scored good marks. I consider it necessary to take Master’s or Bachelors program to improve my knowledge and expertise in the pharmaceutical sector. And I have diverse interests and am very dedicated to the idea of giving something back to society I believe that an opportunity for higher education in MSc./BSc. in health management from your University/ College, U.K would be a unique fortuity to test and prove my ability and also to enrich and broaden my keen with transition to a health and social care setting. I would like to conclude with the reasons for my choosing to apply to your esteemed university/college for my Master/Bachelor degree. Browsing through the information brochure and the Universitys home page I feel that the Study at your institution holds a lot of promise to me and it is the right place to embark upon my academic career. I feel that studies in your institution will be the most logical extension of my academic pursuits and a major step towards achieving my objectives.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Patient Essay -- Nursing Paper

History Mr. S. G is an eighty year old African American male who was brought into the emergency room of County Hospital on the second of May, 2015 and was admitted with the complaint of Respiratory distress. He has no known allergies and he is on full code status. While he was at the hospital, Mr. Geis was diagnosed with Hyperkalemia, Hypernatremia and acute renal failure. He was then transferred to the intensive care unit to be stabilized and then transferred to the floor for recovery. He has a past surgical history of vertebrae fracture from a fall seven years ago. He also has a past medical history of pneumonia, prostate cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular accident, osteoporosis and hypertension. Mr. Geis is a retired school bus driver and has been married to his wife for forty-five years. They have five children together. He used to drink alcohol heavily and also was a smoker, smoking a pack of cigarettes a day but stopped nine years ago. He enjoys fishing and travelling but has been unable to do this due to his deteriorated state of health. Acute and Chronic History Mr. Geis’ acute medical problems which include Hyperkalemia, Hypernatremia, acute renal failure and the chronic illness that are listed in his past medical history were aggravated by aging ,alcohol consumption and smoking. Organ function decreases with age which in this case, the ability of his kidneys to perform the excretory function decreased which thereby resulted in acute renal failure which is also the leading cause of Hyperkalemia and Hypernatremia in him. Also the chronic illnesses of Diabetes, Cardiovascular accident and Hypertension contributed significantly in the acute renal failure. The fracture of the vertebrae from a fall was aggravated by age and... ...better understand and manage the diseases that are affecting his health. References Sheldon,J.H (1960). On the natural history of falls in old age. British Medical Journal, 2, 1685-1690. Huether, S., & McCance, K (2012). Understanding Pathophysiology. (5th ed.).St. Louis:Mosby. Casino, S. (2009). episodic memory decay along the adult lifespan: A review of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 71, 64-69. Shon beck, Joan. â€Å"Cerebrovascular accident.† Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health. Ed. Jacqueline L. Longe. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2006. Nursing Resource center. Gale. Potter, P., and Perry, A. (2009). Fundamentals of Nursing. (seventh. Ed. St. Louis; Mosby. Lippincott W. & Wilkins (2014). Nursing 2014 Drg Handbook (Eighth Edition). Philadelphia. Lippincott & Co. 198, 233.

Proliferation of Global Terrorism Essay

The Second Indochina War, popularly known as the Vietnam War, took place from 1965 to the 30th of April in 1975. It is a very memorable moment for the North Vietnamese military for they have achieved victory, which is in fact, the first ever major defeat of the United States in the field of military. The defeat of the United States, even with their remarkable military munitions and superiority, created a place in the minds of historians, teachers, students and other people. As such, political activists, contemporary journalists, militant teachers and socially conscious generation of students are inspired by this event to fight back against the Vietnam War (Gilbert, 2000). These people or generation, especially those who are intimidated and did not hold onto the leftist political agenda, generally is destructive and utilizes violent protests. Subversive propagandas are also used by these people to voice out their anger against the Vietnam War (Heineman, 1993).   It would be good thing for these young people to give their supports in order to achieve a military victory, but violence is not the means or should not be considered as an option. It is unnecessary for violence would only provoke another one to occur. Violence would only occur and reoccur, from one side to the other, resulting to a vicious cycle; something that is greatly unnecessary. It would be best if all the peaceful means would be exhausted first. If all fails, then we can consider violence as an option. But, as long as there are still other means, ways or options to take or consider, violence should not be considered. A well-thought action, not a reckless one, often results to greater achievements, if not the best. Part II – Dangers on a Global Scale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Six-Day War which is commonly known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, is a major conflict that occurred between and fought by Syria, Egypt and Jordan, all which are Israel and Arab neighbors. In this war, soldiers or military forces from other countries also joined the battle and helped the Arab forces, such as those from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Algeria and Kuwait.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the war, in 1967 where the Israel defeated the Arabs, the Palestinians who were displaced, tried to live in the places where they fled. The Palestinian population feared for their lives and wanted to live. They were also in state of calamity because of the strength of the troops and military forces from Israel. To run and conserve their lives was the best option that the Palestinians could do. The predominant Palestinian Population continued their lives in the West Bank. Almost 4,000 Palestinians stayed in the West Bank; all of them are refugees or those who fled to save their lives. Some stayed, and tried to fight back with the hope of winning, and greatly showing these people’s Palestinian nationalism, but their efforts were futile. The predominant Palestinian population that fled, may have contributed to their cause for they ensured to save their lives; the lives that would later on increase and ultimately create new Palestinian nationalists or future heroes of their people.   Those who stayed and fought back may not have been totally successful, but they contributed as well in buying time for their people to run and survive. World Politics Complex Interdependence Counter independence refers to the international relations. In circumstances, this affirms to the fortunes and inextricabilities of Robert Keohane’s and Joseph Nye’s ideas. These two theorists accepted that in the counter independence, the diverse and intricate connections and the interdependencies of the present states and the respective societies are increasing. On the other hand, while the complex interdependencies increase, the utilization of the state or societies military force decreases. Along with the decline of military usage, is the decrease of its force and power, which oftentimes becomes unbalanced though still important. There are three characteristics of the complex interdependencies which were determined by the theorists. These characteristics would be necessary for analysis. The first characteristic is the multiple channels which connect societies and may also include informal ties. The informal ties may occur between governmental elites and the nongovernmental elites. An example would communication of one government to the advanced industrial countries or non governmental elites meeting frequently. The second characteristics include the agenda of the interstate relationships. These relationships include multiple issues which are generally not arranged. There is a link of the issues regarding prioritization and the objective of the third characteristic. An example may include the foreign affairs agenda wherein the relevant issues regarding the government and foreign policies are tackled. The third characteristic brings about the decrease in the dependence on the military force and power in dealing with the international relations. The government does not use its military capabilities to resolve issues towards other governments within the region when the complex interdependence prevails (Baaklini and Desfosses, 1997). An example would be the use of peaceful means or negotiations to resolve a conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalization and complex interdependence may be similar or would relate to one another in that an intricate relationship is formed or that there is an increase in the interconnections between people. In globalization, there is a need for advancement of the technology, transport and communication that would later on cause an economic, cultural or political junction, not unlike the complex interdependence which does not necessarily need any advancement in technology for a convergence may occur. References Baaklini, A. I., & Desfosses, H. (1997). Designs for Democratic Stability: Studies in Viable Constitutionalism. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Gilbert, M. J. (2000). Vietnam War on Campus: Other Voices, More Distant Drums. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group Incorporated. Heineman, K. J. (1993). Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at America State Universities in the Vietnam Era. New York: New York University Press.

Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China

Question: Assess the aftermath and impact that the first Opium War had on China Essay: The First Opium War fought between Britain and China from 1839-1842 was a clash between two vastly different cultures, one struggling to control trade rights, and the other desperate to limit the impact of foreign trade upon the local population. The war changed the way China acted towards its foreign counterparts, exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system and forcefully opened-up China to the rest of the world. There were severe economic, social and political consequences that the war had on China. Prior to the war China had believed that the Chinese empire was the ‘Heavenly Middle Kingdom’ and superior to all other civilisations. China had very little contact with the West and foreigners were continually looked down upon. Despite strict government regulations, foreign trade with the West in China grew during the late 18th & early 19th century. The West became desperate in trying to balance their thirst of coveted Chinese goods for their own goods but China showed little interest in Western products until 1817 when Britain sold 240 tons of opium into China and when the West found a product which China did not have, opium. Opium smuggling developed rapidly and the trade literally produced a country filled with opium dens and drug addicts. Thus the government decided to do something about this problem and sent Commissioner Lin Zexu to sort things out. However it was Zexu’s actions that eventually started a war in which brought China into a humiliating defeat. The Treaty of Nanking is an official document that marks the conclusion of the First Opium war; it is also considered an unequal treaty by the Chinese. China was ordered to handover Hong Kong, open up five more ports for trade and pay 21 million ounces of silver to Britain. Britain also received fixed tariffs, the ‘most favoured nation’ status and imprisoned British nationals were not to be tried under Chinese law. This treaty caused many problems for China as no restrictions were placed on British merchants who were free trade in China, the opium trade more than doubled in the three decades. As Hong Kong was to be ceded to Britain, it gave the British a base for further military, political and economical penetrations of China. Import duties were lowered from 65% to 5%, effectively traumatizing China's home industries. The treaty also exempted British nationals and any Chinese person who had either dealt with the British, lived with them or were employed by them, from Chinese law. This provided a refuge for Chinese criminals. No sooner had the Chinese emperor made concessions to Britain, he was faced with similar demands from US, French, Belgium, Sweden, Norway and Russian governments. Greatly weakened by war he had no choice but to grant their requests. Seeing China’s weakness, the foreign powers sailed up to impose treaties similar to that of Nanking. By 1860, a massive amount of 6400 tons of opium was being annually imported into China. Western merchants mainly bought silk and tea from China and the export of tea from China increased to 42,000,000 kg in 1855 from only 7,500,000 kg in 1843. The export of silk rose to 56,000 bales in 1855 from a relatively small sum of 2000 bales in 1843. The tea and silk producing regions around the treaty ports expanded and benefited from the foreign trade and resulted in more and more farmers who abandoned the production of food stuffs to produce silk and tea. When Shanghai opened up to foreign trade, the occupation shift for the coolies and boatmen who would transport tea and silk throughout the regions in Canton were now unemployed since the majority of trade moved from Canton to Shanghai. This caused a food price hike and the unemployment rise. As Canton wasn’t the only port open for trade, the inland boatmen who transported goods to Canton from other areas before the war, lost their business. The amount of European goods and opium that flooded china severely strained the economy and provoked an economic crisis which resulted in the shortage of the Spanish silver dollar. The Spanish dollar appreciated so much that Canton abolished it and introduced the Mexican dollar. The monetary disturbances in China was enhanced by the internal monetary crises in China were the Chinese copper cash continued to devalue due to poor management and insufficient supply of copper. The monetary crises devastated the Chinese financial system and caused the loss of morale. With the rush of cheaper Western machine-made products, the home textile industry in China was almost destroyed. For many centuries, clothes were made by hand so this business was heavily impacted by foreign trade. In order to survive, this industry had to decrease the price of their products but, because the production methods remained basically untouched, the cost of production was also unchanged. Therefore the lower price came at the cost of the lower of the living standards of the textile workers. The Opium War almost entirely collapsed China's economy. However, it also forced China's economy to quickly adapt and evolve. The war rushed China's development of capitalism. Even before the war, a market economy was already developing in China's urban areas. The â€Å"invasion† of foreign capitalistic powers enhanced this change. However, the coming of outside influences did not result in the independent development of capitalism in China; rather it turned China into a semi-colonial semi-feudal state. This happened because Chinese industries were exposed too soon to the outside world, being insufficiently prepared and poorly equipped to compete in international or even domestic markets. Western capitalism greatly changed and influenced the Chinese economy as on one hand, the opening of China damaged the basis of China's self-sufficient economy, the urban handicraft and rural homestead industries. But on the other hand, it greatly enhanced the development of China's urban market economy. After China's disastrous defeat in the Opium War, the Chinese realized that they were no longer the â€Å"Heavenly Middle Kingdom†. Having lost at the hands of the â€Å"barbarians†, Chinese intellectuals recognized that in order to deal with the strangers from the West, they must understand the Westerners and the place they came from. Before the Opium War, the Chinese concept of European countries was very vague and in some cases, even ridiculous. After the Opium War, China intellectually discovered the West as Western political ideas, social structures, and in some areas, new technologies were introduced. Western ideas of parliamentary democracy and capitalism were vaguely made known and international alliances became a concept. One of the writers, Wei Yuan, first proposed that in order to fight the West, China must learn from the West. Wei's proposal received many positive responses as it was after all that China lost to the Westerner's â€Å"strong ships and sharp weapons†. So, China for the first time established something on the equivalent of a foreign ministry which was mainly occupied with the study of Western technology, modernization of the Chinese army and the open of modern factories. The first factories opened were for the military, and specialized in the production of modern weapons and ships. The running of these factories did not depend on the profit it made, nor the demands of the market so money making was not a concern. This meant that administration techniques of managing a large commercial enterprise were not yet developed. Even so, seeing that Western enterprises made a profit, the Chinese government began to establish commercial enterprises. Immediately after the Opium War, Western merchants had not yet fully entered the Chinese market. The Manchu government, although short in profits, could still find enough funds to start new industries. The private sector also was quite wealthy. With the collapse of the feudalistic economy and the stimulations by Western capitalism, it was willing to invest in modern enterprises. At the same time, Western companies absorbed some Chinese capital. It could be said that shortly after the Opium War, Chinese capitalism had a good chance to develop. The Opium War exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system. The cost of the war and later the compensation all fell onto the shoulders of the farmers and civilians. The Manchu government could no longer protect, and govern its people and as China's economy collapsed, poverty was wide spread, and insurrection sprang up all over the country. The Manchu government showed its weaknesses when it signed the Treaty of Nanjing without using all possible methods of resistance. The Opium War helped to discredit the Manchu government and encouraged popular movements. For many Chinese, the Treaty of Nanking was a signal that the Manchu dynasty was at its end – humiliated, weak and corrupt. A republican movement ran across the political landscape, stimulating nearly fifteen years of civil war. Seeing the social chaos and the weakening of the Manchu dynasty, Chinese intellectuals sought to make China strong. Unlike the government, the intellectuals believed that adapting Western technologies and industries was not enough and that China must undergo political changes as well. Chinese intellectuals began to study Western countries and at the same time, the Chinese government imported Western technologies and industries. They, like the officials, believed that the government should allow and protect the growth of capitalism and that the army must be modernized to fight Westerners on the battlefields. But most importantly, private enterprises should be formed without government interventions and companies must be created to compete in the market place. The intellectuals also proposed a parliamentary system as a new, more democratic political system. This proposal was the first attempt of private citizens to get involved in the government. The Opium war created an entire new level of crime and disorder in Southeast China. The British navy drove away the pirates along the coast and up into the Kwangtung-Kwangsi highlands. There, the pirates would periodically raid plentiful villages up the river. To add to this, former militiamen used their weapons for banditry. The Opium War had led the people of China to witness the destruction of their military and navy by the strongest military force at the time. It led to a greater understanding and appreciation for West, despite their hatred for it. This led many people to consider and try to understand Western doctrines and beliefs. Also some British missionaries, who had knowledge of China and the language, played in the embarrassment of the country to which they had come perceived with no object other than to preach Christianity. Thus for the first time instances of foreign religion was seen. The Opium War was also one of the many factors that led on the famous Taiping Rebellion. Directly after the war feuds between the Punti and Hakkas clans rose. The Hakka people were Chinese that came from the north and had immigrated to southern China. They were treated as ethnic minorities by the Punti’s who were the Cantonese natives. This led to competition between the two in farming and economy. In the 1850’s the feuds and wars between these two clans resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. The dislike towards the Hakkas eventually led them into following the Taiping Rebellion’s leader Hung Hsiu-chuan. Hung Hisu-chuan was the revolutionary leader who incorporated the Western ideals and beliefs of Christianity with classical Chinese themes. He believed himself to be the younger brother of Christ, and was sent on a mission to return Christianity to China. This belief was soon adopted by thousands of Hakkas alike, because of the loss of faith in the Ch’ing dynasty partially due to the defeat in the Opium War, it’s social and economic effects afterwards and the silver & copper crisis. The movement to change and restore China with Christianity finally resulted in the Taiping rebellion against the Ch’ing dynasty. The Taiping rebellion lasted from 1851 to 1864, causing the loss of millions of lives. The Ch’ing dynasty’s power was questionable during this time because the rebellion lasted so many years. Finally, the Ch’ing dynasty managed to organize an new army to overthrow the Taipings. This new army and organizations was aided by Western countries who wanted the Ch’ing dynasty to continue. If the Ch’ing dynasty was overthrown it would end the unequal treaties with between China and the West. The Opium War resulted in the dramatic changes in China economically, socially and politically. It no doubt opened China's doors to the outside world while changing China’s view and relationship with the Western world incredibly. The war shattered the idea that China was the ‘Heavenly Middle Kingdom’ as well as breaking China’s false sense of superiority over other nations. It resulted in a major change in the economy and the social relationship between the people of China and because of the Opium War, China was left with internal struggles and warfare, increased crime, an economy downfall in Canton and people without work or money. The Opium War led to the major influence of the Western cultures and belief in China, and the loss of power and control China had over Western nations. The unfair treaties that were created left China in weak position to the West, and opened China to Western influence which is still observed to this date. Bibliography: China, Opium Wars to Revolution by Michael Gibson. Wayland publishers, 1975 From Opium War to Liberation by Israel Epstein. New World Press, Beijing, 1956 The Chinese Opium Wars. by Jack Beeching. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975 The Inner Opium War by James Polachek M. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1992 The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes by Arthur Waley. George Allen and Unwin Ltd. , 1958 The Treaty of Nanking, signed on the 29th of August, 1842

Medieval village life Essays

Medieval village life Essays Medieval village life Paper Medieval village life Paper The lord lived in a story house built out of stone. They had space to grow herbs, flowers and vegetables. The manor house had a large garden it has a well in the garden the lord had a fish pond for the fish as for the peasant the only had a house with no windows because the class windows were expensive. The lord had a little amount of glass for the window the people that lived in the manor house had to go out for a loo. The lord of the manor had field for the animals but the peasants did not and so the animal had to be kept inside. The peasants got all kinds of diseases because they kept the animal inside. when some one made food for the lord one off the servant had to check if it is not food poisoned. The kitchens were separated so they had to go outside and make the food. The dinner was eaten at 10-11 oclock. They would eat as much as they could because could afford salt for the meat in winter. But the peasant had to feed there pig to make sure that they are fat and there is enough to eat in winter then they will kill the pig to have them for there super at winter time. The manor had too floors but the peasant had only one room. The manor people had curtains around the walls to keep flies and spider off. But the peasants did not have curtains because they couldnt afford the material. The important buildings in the village granary where they kept there bread. Dove cote was another important building because that where they would feed the doves. The last important building was private chapel that was where the lord of the manor prayed. The peasants were not allowed in the private chapel. The 1fields rule of farming is that you are not to hunt animals if you do you will get punished for it the punishment is that your hands will get chopped off. the 2 Rule is that you have to do your job right to earn money if you dont do it right you get whipped. The common land was important to the peasants because crops grew and the best soil was kept there. It was used to keep grazing and gathering fuels. the land was owned by the Lord of the Manor but people visited there with his permission. The peasants did not own land so in return they had to pay the lord of the manor or if they did not have any money they had to give him something or do something for him such as make him food. Most peasants were farmers . they would do different jobs depending on the season, for example January-nobleman drinking at fire side. February- peasant digging a ditch March- peasant cutting timber April-peasant planting trees May- nobleman hawking June peasant hay mowing with a scythe July-peasant using sickle to cut corn August- -peasant threshing with flail September-peasant picking grapes October-peasant sowing winter corn November-peasant feed pigs on acorn December-peasant slaughtering the pig Another job that they did was making food for the lord. To do these jobs the tools they used they were sickles, scythe, flail, spade and knifes. Samera Bi 7BE 1 03/05/2007 History/ Mrs Thomas Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE JRR Tolkien section.

$2500 Essay Contest Scholarship! I Can Save The Earth!

$2500 Essay Contest Scholarship! I Can Save The Earth! $2500 Essay Contest Scholarship! I Can Save The Earth! We are thrilled to announce another essay contest scholarship with an amazing prize of $2500 in scholarship funds. This time around the topic is environmentalism and what students can do to save the earth! Have you done something to protect the natural environment in your community? Do you have a brilliant idea to counteract the human effects on the environment? If so, fire up your word processor and get to work! Keep reading to Learn more! Eligibility If you are a student in a college or university, attend a tech school or certificate program, or are a high school student in the US or a related territory, you are welcome to participate! Requirements We want you to have a fair shake at winning this money, so make sure your essay meets the following requirements: 1000 to 1500 Words Long Written in English Don’t Use Real Names! Send us Your Full Name And a Valid Email Address on a Separate Page Keep it Clean! No Offensive or Harassing Content. Be sure to send it in my 12/31/17. We’ll let everyone know who won on 01/31/18. Email your essay to @gmail.com What Does it Take to Win? Don’t start typing just yet. First, take a look at our judging criteria. Your essay must be impeccable! Use your spell checker, and be sure you get rid of any grammar or punctuation error. Next, stick to the topic at hand. Relevance is important. We’re looking for ideas that are original, and that can be put to work! Practical solutions are best! Finally, educate us! Provide examples and tips on ways that each of us can protect the environment. Disclaimer: Once you submit your essay, it becomes our property and will be protected by copyright laws. You may not publish your essay, copy it, or provide it to others without our express written permission.

Research based metaphorical poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research based metaphorical poem - Essay Example Like the hands of the child whose mother left him in darkness./ (lines 4-5). Here, I have related the emptiness of ocean with the despair of a child whose mother has left him alone and has departed him. The empty hands of the child mean that he has nothing left to him for hope. He has no hope of life, love, care, and shelter. He is desolate and deserted. Just like him, the ocean is empty and has no hope for any water coming in, which refers to the fact that the world is empty of loving people, and there is no hope for such people for good. The next metaphor that I have used in the poem is comparing a beautiful lady with love. The narrator states that he saw a beautiful dame right at the moment he was feeling thirsty, and to his surprise, she was carrying a pitcher that must contain water for him. She was coming toward him, inviting him to drink from the pitcher. The narrator ran to her, even when his feet were injured, but to his dismay, he was not able to walk fast. Still, he managed to reach her, and was shocked to see that the lady was no more a dame, she was love in disguise, ugly and uninviting. She jumped at him, and ate him up, which has a very deep meaning. The narrator, in fact, had met a beautiful lady, but he was so thirsty that he could not see clearly. This means that he found the love of his dreams, but he was so thirsty of love, that he could not recognize the real, ugly intentions of the woman. He fell in love with her, but when he found out her insincerity and dishonesty, it was too late. She had brok en his heart. The third metaphor is here: /The pitcher was empty, Like the hands of the child whose mother left him in darkness./ (lines 14-15), which means that the woman he had loved had nothing in her heart for him, and was dishonest. She ate him up, means that she broke his heart. The narrator says he is no more, which means that he is totally wrecked, and feels like dying. Hence, I have used metaphors at three different places as

What companies or organization have shown strong commitment to making Essay

What companies or organization have shown strong commitment to making the world a better placeHow do their practices align with your personal views of ethical behavior - Essay Example Apple products have become such a huge part of our daily lives now, so much so that it would be tough to imagine a world without them. Inventions such as the iPhone and iPad make our lives so much easier because it is now possible to be connected to anyone in the world on the go. As I have worked in a customer services department, I know just how important it is to reach someone at a moment’s notice. Apple was not the first company to make a cell phone; it just took the idea and expanded the features available. Apple is going to be around for quite some time yet because its customers are satisfied with the products that it has to offer. I will not be abandoning Apple any time soon because products such as the iPhone and iPad help me to perform simple daily tasks in a much faster way. Apple chooses to manufacture its products in China because of the low labor costs there. While I may not agree with this decision completely, I understand the need to make a profit. Also, people like me are able to get a high quality product for a very low cost. There are sometimes complaints about the treatment of workers in Chinese factories that make Apple products, but I think that Apple does its best to look after any employee that contributes towards the company’s success. My personal views of ethical behavior are that a company should put the views of its customers first. Apple does this by making products in an ethical way and doing so cheaply. Whenever there is a complaint over working conditions in Apple factories, the company is always quick to launch an investigation and try to find out the truth in the matter. Being open and transparent are values that I believe in, so I appreciate that Apple follows this with its customers. If Apple were to be involved in unethi cal practices, then it would affect the image of the brand negatively. Apple does not want this, and neither do the customers, so I’m sure that the company will

Advertising and Promotion In Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Advertising and Promotion In Business - Essay Example However, in order to attain such a position and image, effective advertising and promotion is essential. This is because; advertising means, a set of information or potential message communicated to the customers in order to improve its rankings and popularity in the market among others. By doing so, the level of awareness of the customers over the features and benefits of the products might get enhanced resulting in amplification of their reliability and consistency over the brand. For example: in classic advertising procedure, a specific problem is presented in front of the customers along with a solution to resolve the problem. This encourages the customers to purchase such type of product or services that may amplify the profitability and uniqueness of the brand or organization in the market1. Thus, advertising or marketing is recognised as a process of communicating the features and advantages of the product or services to its potential customers in order to improve the total sa le and revenue of the organization. However, in this process, the sender or the communicator presents the message to the receiver. He encodes the message and then decodes it and attains value information as presented below. By doing so, the level of relationship with the customers also gets enhanced resulting in amplification of the brand value and market share of the organization in the market among others. Due to these reasons, promotion and advertising is considered as holistic approaches of marketing. Â  

Communication Within Unilever Plc

Communication Within Unilever Plc 1.1 Introduction and background of research This research is based on the topic How the channels of communication with employees might be improved in a multinational organization. Unilever PLC is a leading multinational in Fast Moving Consumer Goods sector and it operates over hundred of countries worldwide. Unilever maintains its leading edge by establishing superior standards, latest managerial systems and state of art technology. Most importantly the main focus of Unilever business is to run in profitable manner while complying with statutory and legal requirements in to the maximum extent, in each and every place it operates. Unilever is therefore highly concerns about implementation of latest and successful managerial systems in its production plants in very first time it is possible. Moreover Unilever contributes for developing these systems to match with company requirements and hence most of managerial systems that Unilever implemented are quite superior to others and can easily be differentiated from managerial systems of its competitors. Product Range of Unilever PLC is Home and personnel care, Margarines, fat spreads, Tea and supplementary food products. There are 400 brands and 14 categories of home, personal care and foods products, no other company touches so many peoples lives in so many different ways. Unilevers brand portfolio has made them leaders in every field in which they work. Knorr, Lipton, Dove Omo are some examples for trusted brands. In the Sri Lankan context Unilever could pass by all its competitors and to make its all brands to be the flag ships. At the moment Unilever Sri Lanka Limited owns twenty two global brands which are very much familiar to Sri Lankans as things touching their hearts. Lux, Sunsilk, Signal, Astra and Lifebuoy are some of those popular brands. Brand communication can be a powerful force for behavior change. They have the opportunity to promote healthy lifestyles among our millions of consumers. At the same time they have a duty to market their products responsibly and provide their consumers with clear and simple information about the products they make and how they can fit into a healthy and balanced diet. This depends on effective communication. As a multinational company that has been created a very good brand loyalty in consumers mind they will have to satisfy their customer requirements to the maximum level. In order to do this Unilever will have to adopt according to the changes in customer requirements. As the market grows rapidly new products from competitors are coming to the market frequently. For their survival they will have to produce new ranges of products and to do modifications for their existing products as customer requirements are changing rapidly. To do these kinds of Modifications Companys communication process and communication channels should be of high quality. Quick decisions will have to be made; for that employees will have to send their messages and information faster and get feedback very quickly. For this purpose the company uses many methods (channels). Since this is a global company their companies are scattered all over the world. Therefore there should be a strong communication network within each and every company. Unilever PLC uses strategies and guidelines to give directions for employees. As a result the employees would have a clear idea of what the company is expected from them; they would know what their duties and responsibilities are. Then they will be motivated as their duties are being simplified and specified. This will create efficient employees and would be resulted in productivity increase. Through strategies and guidelines more detailed information can be provided to employees. More and specific information gives subordinates a feeling of confidence and security; lack of information promotes insecurity and a feeling of not being trusted. By doing this they are able to get maximum out of employees. This organization gets ideas and views of employees about the policies and procedures being applied by the company. It would help the top management to identify their weaknesses and take necessary actions to revise their policies and procedures. Unilever has put a great effort to engage wit employees to find out whether they understand the companys vision and role that is being expected from them. The company gets ideas from employees to know what their perception on the changes the company has to do to achieve their ambitions. In 2009 Unilever began an employee engagement programme that will ensure employees are involved in Unilevers vision and plans for the future. Uniliver gather feedback from employees through regular employee engagement surveys. A Global People Survey (GPS) of all Unilever employees is conducted every two to three years. Unilevers management population is also invited to participate in a refined version of the survey GPS-Pulse, which is conducted at six-monthly intervals in the years when GPS is not taking place. The GPS-Pulse conducted in September 200 highlighted that people are proud to work for Unilever and feel good about the culture and business. Results also showed increased confidence in leader ship and the direction that the company is taking. Feedback also has pointed to areas where the company needed to do better and these were actioned by the Unilever Executive and their senior leaders. Through these kinds of strategies employees will feel that theyre being valued and recognized by the company and they will be motivated to work hard to achieve objectives of the company. Being a multinational organization Unilever PLC uses telephones to communicate with their peers. They have the ability to exchange their ideas over the phone and to get the feedback of the other party. Exchanging messages over the phone would fasten the decision making process and it will affect their smooth operation positively. Letters, memos and e-mails are anther methods of communication used by Unilever PLC. Since these are written communication channels they will help employees to get clear idea by reading them. If there is a long list of directions to be given to employees these channels would be more effective as they are in writing. Since everything is in writing it will be easy for them to comply with these requirements. Research Objectives and Hypothesis The completion of this research intends to achieve the following objectives in relation to Unilever PLC. To identify the channels of communication used by the Organization To study how to improve the channels of communication with employees of the organization. To find possible strengths and weaknesses in communication channels currently being used by the company. To suggest methods to avoid current weaknesses in communication channels. Hypothesis Finding how the channels of communication with employees might be improved in a multinational organization is the objective of this research. Accordingly, hypothesis of the research is defined as below, H0: The channels of communication with employees in existence within the organization are adequate. H1: The channels of communication with employees in existence within the organization are not adequate. Research Scope For this research qualitative research techniques have to be used. Since this is a qualitative one it is difficult to set standard guidelines to identify whether the organizations current communication channels are suitable or not. This should be done compared to another organization. It would be difficult to select a suitable benchmark. When carrying out a research feedback should be taken from employees at different levels such as managers and lower level employees in a way that covers the entire organization. Since their ideas are different the results cannot be generalized. LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction to Literature Review The research literature review is based the theories and researches previously done by scholars. These should be applied in the research. Clearly defined research problem and research methods have to be included. Review of Relevant Theories and Literature A typical day for a manager includes doing desk work attending scheduled meetings , placing and receiving telephone calls, reading and answering correspondence , attending unscheduled meetings and tours. Most of these activities involves communication. In fact, managers usually spend more than half of their time communicating in some way. Communication always involves two or more persons , so other behavioral process such as motivation, leadership and group and team processes all come into play. Top executives must handle communication effectively if they are to be true leader. Communication is concerned with the making of meaning and the exchange of understanding. One model of communication considers it from the perspective of transmitting information from one person to another. Communication is very important for all kinds of business organization. According to researches carried out by many authors, communication and communication channels play a very important role in any business organization. Different people have carried out researches relating to communication and efficiency of communication channels. Few examples are as follows; A web article defines a communication channel as, Medium through which a message is transmitted to its intended audience, such as print media or broadcast (electronic) media. As per Quincy Wright, Communication channels can be understood simply as the modes or pathways through which two parties might communicate. As population grows and technology evolves accordingly, these channels of communication change as well. (A Study of War, 1967) According to a web article, In the basic communication process, a sender puts a message in words and transmits it to a receiver who interprets the message. The medium the sender chooses to transmit the message is called the communication channel. There are many communication channels being used by different organizations. Some of these are universally familiar methods where as some of them are specific to certain organizations. Listed below are few methods among them. Letters/ memos/ reports Although there is an increase in the usage of electronic communication, most people seem to receive their messages on paper. This may be because there is no e-mail link between the parties, because a hard copy is required to meet audit or legal requirements or because the recipient feels more comfortable to read from paper than from a screen. Manuals This is also a paper document and the main purpose of this is reference. Fax This method uses public telephones to deliver documents from one place to another. In this method original hard copy is not sent to the receiver. E-mail This is a very efficient method of communicating where whole documents can be sent through internet. This provides many cost advantages when compared to telephones and other paper based communication methods. Intranet This method is also same as the internet method, but this used to deliver documents, images and so on within an organization. In this method also information is much less expensive to distribute and maintain when compared to paper based communication methods. Meetings Two or more people get together and carryout discussions related to different areas to take decisions or to solve problems. This is a verbal communication method where the feedback will be received at the same time. Telephone This is a two way communication method. It is now possible to reach people practically anytime, anywhere over the phone. Video conferencing Under video conferencing system phone lines are used to transmit video and sound between two or more parties. Real time video conferences can be conducted when parties participated to the meeting are in remote locations. Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another. Effective communication is the process of sending a message in such a way that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended. Effective communication is based on the ideas of meaning and consistency of meaning. Meaning is the idea that the individual who initiates the communication exchange wishes to convey. Communication also relates directly to the basic management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Environmental scanning, integrating planning-time horizons, and decision making for example, all necessitate communication. Delegation, coordination, and organization change and development also entail communication. Communication is essential to establishing standards, monitoring performance and taking corrective actions as a part of control. Clearly, then, communication is a pervasive part of virtually all managerial activities. The Communication Process As figure shows, noise can disrupt the communication process at any step. Managers must therefore understand that a conversation in the next office, a fax machine out of paper and the receivers worries may all thwart the managers best attempts to communicate. Sender Firm that sends the message. Message What is being transmitted from sender to receiver. Encoding Message translated into appropriate meaning. This is the process through which the message is symbolized. Channel The medium through which the message is being sent. Decoding Process that translate the message and generating the meaning out of it. Receiver Firm that receives the message. Feedback Process by which the receiver sends his responds to the sender. Interpersonal communication focuses on communication among people at work. Two important forms of interpersonal communication, oral and written, both offer unique advantages and disadvantages. Thus the manager should weigh the pros and cons of each when choosing a medium for communication. Communication channels play a vital role in communication. Messages are conveyed through channels. Telephone, videoconferencing, face-to-face meetings are some examples for verbal communication, where as letters, memos, e-mails, reports are some examples for written communication. Channel should be selected based on the nature of the message or the information that is being transmitted or exchanged. Different channels have their respective strengths and weaknesses. For example, it would be ineffective to give a long list of directions verbally. There are a variety of forms of organizational communication. Vertical communication between superiors and subordinates may flow upwards or downwards. Horizontal communication involves peers and colleagues at the same level in the organization. Organizations also use information systems to manage communication. Electronic communication is likely to have a profound effect on managerial and organizational communicational in the years to come. A great deal of informal communication also occurs in organizations. Communication networks are recurring patterns of communication among members of a group. The grapevine is the informal communication network among people in an organization. Management by wandering around is also a popular informal method of communication. Nonverbal communication includes facial expressions, body movements, physical contact, gestures and inflection and tone. Managing the communication process necessitates recognizing the barriers to effective communication and understanding how to overcome them. Barriers can be identified at both the individual and organizational levels. Likewise, both individual and organizational skills can be developed to overcome these barriers. Barriers to effective Communication, Individual barriers Conflicting or inconsistent cues Credibility about the subject Reluctance to communicate Poor listening skills Predispositions about the subject Organizational Barriers Semantics Status or power differences Different perceptions Noise Overload Overcoming barriers to communication Individual skills Develop good listening skill Encourage two way communication Be aware of language and meaning Maintain creditability Be sensitive to receivers perspective Be sensitive to senders perspective Organizational skills Follow up Regulate information flows Understand the richness of media (R.W.Griffin, 1997) CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Research Methods Servey reserch methods to collectting data as investigate the employees and organization need. Research Approach There are few steps to be followed. They are as follows; Problem Identification /Hypothesis Identify the existing channels and channels to be introduced. Research Design and planning This is a Prepare Queries, Prepare the project plan, Prepare the research team work plan, Prepare the Physical resource and conduct with the service providers in communication channel providers wise. Data collection and Data Review and analysis theory After having identified the variables to be studied and operationally defined them a researcher is expected to adopt a suitable method of data collection to measure the variables and their relationships. Following are the methodologies that are used to this research, Questionnaire survey Interviews Observation Case study In the case of a questionnaire based survey or interviews, the unit of analysis is the individual as the individuals included in a sample are expected to provide information by responding to the survey questionnaire or the questions posed to them at the interview. In the observation method there is no single unit of analysis as the researcher is expected to observe real life situations , a process , an event or a series of event over a period of time. The unit of analysis in the case study method could cover a community, an organization, a group or a selected individuals . For instance, one can study the performance of one or more organizations and arrive at meaningful conclusions about the practice of the management. Similarly can study in depth the leadership style of several CEOs and arrive at meaningful conclusions about organizational leaderships. The Questionnaire Survey In this research questionnaire based survey ahs become one of the most widely used techniques of data collection for reasons such as economy , ability to reach a larger sample of the population, saving of time , feasibility to collect data within a predetermined framework and feasibility to process the data using a coding system that could be easily used on computers. Although the questionnaire method has its inherent limitations this method has been adopted to study qualitative aspects such as attitudes and values as well as quantitative aspects of behaviour. The forms of questions included in a questionnaire depends on the kind of information required . Although the forms of the questions may differ in a variety of ways,questions are presented in two basic types; Open ended Structured Open ended questions There are several advantages of open ended questions if the researcher is interested in probing deep into a particular issue such as motivation, job satisfaction, etc. There are some limitations inherent in open ended questions. These include, Difficulty in recording lengthy answers, particularly when the respondents interest is aroused by the researcher through probing, difficulty in asking more than two questions as the answer may take both time as well as space in the questionnaire , and relatively high degree of reliance on the researchers own judgment as to what he thinks is the meaning of the answers given to open ended questions. Despite these limitations open ended questions are used by researcher when the questionnaire based interview method is adopted because an experienced researcher can always exploit the advantages associated with open ended questions. Structured questions This presents the respondent with fixed response alternatives. That is question is worded in such a manner as to induce the respondent to answer by making a choice between two or more alternatives. Advantage-easy to administer in the field because they are pre-coded. Interviews Is a method of collecting data by speaking to someone who is often not known to the researcher previously. Thus it would involve a considerable amount of interpersonal skills on the part of the researcher to establish a relationship with the person being interviewed and elicit the required information within a limited period of time. There are two basic types of interviews, Structured and unstructured. Observation Method Is a technique adopted highly in qualitative research to study natural behaviour. Thus observation involves making judgments about the occurrence of behaviour , its frequency, its duration or its latency. These measures are the basic data used to describe the naturally occurring behaviour or to assess the effects of such behaviour. Therefore the collection of the data through observation has to be done carefully in order to ensure accuracy ,reliability and objectively. There are two broad methods of observing behaviour: participant and non participant. Case study Method This involves studding individual cases in their natural environment over a period of time. One who uses a case study method may adopt different methods of data collection and analysis. These methods may be either qualitative or quantitative or a combination of both. Research Strategy Selecting the most suitable channels to the company. For this purpose number of channels should be investigated. Sampling Techniques Select a sample size based on the company size that covers all areas and all levels of employees. Data Collection Tools High quality data should be collected.. Data Analysis Methods Methods such as pie charts, tables, decision trees, scatter diagrams and so on can be used to analyze data. Presentation of Data Data should be presented using a report and a multimedia presentation. Research Limitations This research is focusing only on the communication channels. Communication process and their reliability is being ignored. Ethical implications of this research If the employees provide wrong information the whole research is misleading. Research Schedule Depending on the nature and activities of the research a time schedule should to be prepared. Conclusions This research is based on the topic How the channels of communication with employees might be improved in a multinational organization. Existing channels and new channels to be introduced should be addressed. For this purpose research topic should be defined and background to the research has to be explained. Theories relevant to the research should be applied under literature review. Finally ethical issues that can be raised during the research should be addressed and the decision is taken based on employees perceptions. The study covers a wide area on the communication channels and based on the evaluation of how to improve the communication of the employees, new communication channels to be introduced must be taken into consideration, the necessary channels that should be improved according to improve the methods of communication in the organization. Under this research based on the multi national company we can learn and can get more knowledge as managers, how to manage effective communication in a multi national company, can feel the employees communication and how to control the whole communication process in a successful and effective manner in the organization.

Claude McKays If We Must Die Essay -- essays research papers fc

Claude McKay's If We Must Die One of the most influential writers of the Harlem Renaissance was Jamaican born Claude McKay, who was a political activist, a novelist, an essayist and a poet. Claude McKay was aware of how to keep his name consistently in mainstream culture by writing for that audience. Although in McKay’s arsenal he possessed powerful poems. The book that included such revolutionary poetry is Harlem Shadows. His 1922 book of poems, Harlem Shadows, Barros acknowledged that this poem was said by many to have inaugurated the Harlem Renaissance. Throughout McKay’s writing career he used a lot of dialect and African American vernacular in his writing, which was rather controversial at the time. Writing in dialect wasn’t considered proper for writing formal literature. For this paper I chose the poem â€Å"If We Must Die†, one of his strongest political poem included in Harlem Shadows. The subject matter that McKay writes about is confrontational. Even if McKay used classical poetry techniques to write â€Å"If We Must Die†. McKay used the poetry technique of the sonnet by using the 13 lines and 1 last line in the end. In â€Å"If We Must Die† McKay uses rhymes, and metaphors to associate and personify the poem. Using these techniques the audience can identify with the writer and the poem itself. The poem at first seems to have been written for a black audience but then it grew tremendously for a wider universal audience. This poem spoke to anyone and everyone who was being oppressed or in a situation that they weren’t in control of. This poem was for anyone who is or was put to death. This poem showed that everyone deserves a noble death, a death of honor and respect not to be beaten and treated like an animal but like a human being. â€Å"If We Must Die† was first published in the Liberator in 1919. Then in his compilation of poetry Harlem Shadows in 1922. Where already the world war had ended. It was one of the very first p oems that initiated the tone, subject and matter of the Harlem Renaissance. The poem is revolutionary, it’s the type of poem that makes people think and take action. He made the reader feel important and recognized the value of a human life. McKay believed part of the poets job is to politically inform the minds of people. Leading to the influence of such people as Amiri Baraka, starting the Black Arts Movement. The poem itself is a validation, r... ...Must Die† made the reader, a human being feel important. Instead of seeing yourself as lower than dirt, adapting the mind of the oppressed and not fighting back. We must not sit around while horrendous things happen in our society. If we want a change we have to do it ourselves. â€Å"Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back.† If We Must Die If we must die, let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, Making their mock at our accursed lot. If we must die, O let us nobly die, So that our precious blood may not be shed In vain; then even the monsters we defy Shall be constrained to honor us though dead! O kinsmen! we must meet the common foe! Though far outnumbered let us show us brave, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow! What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back! Bibliography WORKS CITED - Arno â€Å"A long way home†[1937] New York Times 1969 - Barros, Paul De â€Å"The Loud Music Of life’: Representations of Jazz In the Novels of Claude McKay.† Antioch Review, Summer 1999. - Claude McKay (1890-1948) March 26, 2000